Early cidofovir administration might be associated with a lower probability of respiratory failure in treating human adenovirus pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of early and delayed treatment with cidofovir for human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study in Korean military hospitals was conducted between January 2012 and December 2018. Patients with potentially severe HAdV pneumonia with risk factors for respiratory failure were included and divided into early (within 7 days from symptom onset) and delayed (after 7 days from symptom onset) treatment groups. The primary outcome was respiratory failure development within 21 days after symptom onset. RESULTS: A total of 89 patients with potentially severe HAdV pneumonia were enrolled in the cohort; they included 62 early and 27 delayed treatment patients. All patients were males in their early 20s. Significantly fewer patients in the early treatment group progressed to respiratory failure (8/62, 12.9%), compared to the delayed group (18/27, 66.7%, p < 0.001). Early treatment was associated with a lower 21-day probability of respiratory failure by the Kaplan-Meier method (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, monocyte count, hypoxaemia, confusion, whole lung involvement, and early cidofovir treatment within 7 days from symptom onset were included, and monocyte count (HR 0.995, 95%CI 0.991-1.000, p 0.042), confusion (HR 4.964, 95%CI 1.189-20.721, p = 0.028), and early cidofovir treatment (HR 0.319, 95%CI 0.115-0.883, p = 0.028) were significantly associated with respiratory failure. CONCLUSIONS: Early administration of cidofovir was associated with a lower hazard for respiratory failure development. It is suggested that cidofovir be administered within 7 days from symptom onset to prevent respiratory failure in patients with potentially severe HAdV pneumonia.

Once-daily dosing of amikacin for treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease.

SETTING: Tertiary referral centre, Samsung Medical Center, South Korea. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicities of once-daily amikacin (AMK) dosing for lung disease due to Mycobacterium abscessus. DESIGN: A retrospective review of 48 patients with M. abscessus lung disease who received once-daily AMK for 4 weeks between January 2012 and June 2015. RESULTS: With a starting dose of 15 mg/kg/day and adjustment of AMK dose according to the peak serum level (Cmax), the Cmax target of 55-65 µg/ml was achieved in 31.3% (15/48) of patients in the first week, 68.8% (33/48) in week 2, 91.7% (44/48) in week 3 and 95.8% (46/48) in week 4. Transient nephrotoxicity developed in 6.3% (3/48) of patients and ototoxicity in 25.0% (6/24), which was determined by audiogram as hearing loss, asymptomatic in five patients and tinnitus in one. Multivariate analysis revealed that the highest drug concentration 12 h after administration was significantly associated with the development of toxicities (adjusted odds ratio 1.862, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that once-daily AMK for 4 weeks with a target Cmax of 55-65 µg/ml can be used in patients with M. abscessus lung disease, with careful monitoring of toxicity.

The 100 most-cited articles on non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection from 1995 to 2015.

SETTING: Citation analyses aid in assessing quality, trends and future directions of research fields. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most influential articles on infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in the last 20 years. DESIGN: We performed a cited reference search of the Web of Science database from 1995 to 2015. The 100 most cited articles on NTM infections were analysed. RESULTS: The top 100 articles were cited 114-1471 times, and were published from 1995 to 2013. Sixty-five were laboratory-based, basic science articles, with the major topics being pathophysiology (n = 20) and molecular methods for NTM identification (n = 15). Among the 35 non-laboratory studies, major topics were clinical management (n = 15) and epidemiology (n = 14). The top article was a clinical treatise on the management of NTM disease, published in 2007. Although there was a correlation between article rank and journal impact factor (P = 0.043, ρ = -0.202), the five articles from the journals with highest impact factors did not rank among the top 10 articles. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of influential articles on NTM infection are basic scientific studies, and the most influential articles are not always published in high-impact journals.